General Magnus Malan, Pretoria, 1997. As Minister of Defense from 1980 to 1991 General Malan approved counter-insurgency operations in Mozambique and Angola and was responsible for setting up the 'Civil Co-operation Bureau' (CCB), a covert section of the South African Defence Force (SADF) responsible for disinformation and assassination. Malan did not apply for amnesty before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), but volunteered to testify. He has not been found guilty of any crime.