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Title: An acacia tree near Mbiwe marks the location of the ǂKhomani San 's former living area
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Acacia erioloba---Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Trees--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: A research team stands near an acacia tree in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. The tree marks the site of a former living area for the ǂKhomani San and is now an archaeological site.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26978

Title: Summer hunting camp and meeting area near Twee Rivieren
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Landscapes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: Summer hunting camp and meeting area near Twee Rivieren used by the ǂKhomani San Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26986

Title: An acacia tree near Mbiwe marks the location of a former living area for the ǂKhomani San.
Subject: Malgas, Jakob, San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Acacia erioloba---Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Trees--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: Jakob Malgas stands near an acacia tree in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. The tree marks the site of the ǂKhomani San's former living. This area is now an archaeological site.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26977

Title: Members of the |Khasi-Kassie Family rest between graveyards near the Old Bushman Camp.
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: During one of the early research trips to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, a trip was made to two adjacent grave sites near a former Bushmen settlement near Twee Rivieren. Several historically significant Bushmen are buried in these graveyards. While walking between these graveyards, the elders rest to catch their breath and the children play on the dunes.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:27165

Title: A graveyard outside a former Bushmen settlement near Twee Rivieren.
Subject: Burial grounds, San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Cemeteries--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Landscapes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: During one of the early research trips to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, a trip was made to two adjacent grave sites near a former settlement near Twee Rivieren. Several historically significant Bushmen are buried in these graveyards. When a member of the San community dies they are buried, according to San tradition, with their feet towards the rising sun and with the sand touching their skin. Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:27158

Title: Unidentified artefacts discovered at the limestone grottoes near Witdraai
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, San (African people)--Implements, Khomani (African people)--Implements, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: Limestone grottoes at Witdraai in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. These grottoes played an important part in the ǂKhomani San's cultural heritage. At one time, they were used as a prison for the San and inmates were chained to the interior walls. In later times, upon returning from the Empire Exhibition, the participants discovered their homes had been burnt down by Basters (the descendants of Cape Colony Dutch and indigenous African women). Several San community members including Ouma |Una Rooi came to live here.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26983

Title: Artefacts found at the site of the former Bushmen settlement near Twee Rivieren
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, San (African people)--Implements, Khomani (African people)--Implements, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: During one of the early research trips to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, a trip was made to two adjacent grave sites near a former settlement near Twee Rivieren. Jakob Malgas holds two artefacts uncovered at the site.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:27163

Title: A graveyard outside a former Bushmen settlement near Twee Rivieren.
Subject: Burial grounds, San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Cemeteries--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Landscapes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: During one of the early research trips to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, a trip was made to two adjacent grave sites near a former settlement near Twee Rivieren. Several historically significant Bushmen are buried in these graveyards. When a member of the San community dies they are buried, according to San tradition, with their feet towards the rising sun and with the sand touching their skin.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:27159

Title: The landscape surrounding the Old Bushman Camp near Twee Rivieren.
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Landscapes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: Data collected from San elders during the cultural mapping process reveals that this site was used by the San who were living in and around the park prior to 1936Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:27166

Title: Waterhole near Kij Gamies, Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Water--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Windmills--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: Windmills and other water pumps form an essential role in sustaining the Kalahari's ecosystem. Subterranean water is pumped into troughs and other waterholes for animals to drink and helps sustain the wildlife during extended dry spells. Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26950

Title: Ostrich in the park near Kij Gamies waterhole, Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Ostriches, Hunting and gathering societies--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: An ostrich near Kij Gamies waterhole. Ostriches are an important part of ǂKhomani San daily life. The meat is eaten and sometimes dried to make biltong. The feathers are used to make mattresses and cushions, and the skin to make shoes and other garments. The ostrich also appears in traditional folk tales often in reference to eyesight and hearing.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26949

Title: Ostrich egg containers on a dune near |Haiǂgas pan
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Hunting and gathering societies--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Salt pans (Geology), Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: A pan known as |Haiǂgas meaning "pale pan". Pans can range from a few hundred meters to twenty kilometres in diameter. Many pans are important cultural sites for the ǂKhomani San. After the rains, a hunting group would stay around a pan to drink and hunt. Water was stored in ostrich egg containers, sealed with a straw and bees wax stopped. These are then buried under a dune for use later.
Identifier: islandora:27101

Title: Dunes seen from the graveyard outside a former Bushmen settlement near Twee Rivieren.
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Plants--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Sand dunes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: During one of the early research trips to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, a trip was made to two adjacent grave sites near a former settlement near Twee Rivieren. Several historically significant Bushmen are buried in these graveyards. While walking between these graveyards, the elders rest to catch their breath and the children play on the dunes.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:27157

Title: Unidentified San child [possibly Abu (surname unknown)] plays among the dunes near a graveyard
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Children--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Sand dunes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: During one of the early research trips to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, a trip was made to two adjacent grave sites near a former settlement near Twee Rivieren. Several historically significant Bushmen are buried in these graveyards. While walking between these graveyards, the elders rest to catch their breath and the children play on the dunes.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:27156

Title: The landscape surrounding the Old Bushman Camp near Twee Rivieren.
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Landscapes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Plants--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: Data collected from San elders during the cultural mapping process reveals that this site was used by the San community who were living in and around the park prior to 1936.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:27162

Title: Landscape surrounding a former living area near Mbiwe
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Landscapes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: The landscape surrounding the ǂKhomani San 's former living area. This site is currently being excavated as an archaeological site.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26979

Title: Acacia trees near St. Johns Dam waterhole within the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Acacia erioloba---Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Trees--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: Acacia trees growing along the Nossob River bed near St. Johns Dam waterhole. The ǂKhomani San would pick the acacia's berries to make a coffee-like beverage.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26913

Title: Landscape and vegetation near Rooiputs within the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Landscapes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: General landscape and vegetation near Rooiputs in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. As you drive further into Botswana the Kalahari's dunes increase in size. Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26909

Title: Landscape surrounding a former living area near Mbiwe
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Landscapes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: The landscape surrounding the ǂKhomani San 's former living area. This site is currently being excavated as an archaeological site. This grass was collected by the women and made into brooms. When green and young, these blades can be eaten. Anneta Bok recalls eating them she was a child because they were refreshing and tasted like cucumber. Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26980

Title: Ground squirrel burrows near the Kielie Krankie waterhole.
Subject: San (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Khomani (African people)--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, San (African people)--Social life and customs, Khomani (African people)--Social life and customs, Ground squirrels, Landscapes--Botswana and South Africa--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Indigenous peoples--Land tenure--Africa, Southern, ,
Description: Ground squirrel burrows near the Kielie Krankie waterhole. These animals often have large colonies living in interconnected burrows over a large area.Images from this trip document the first excursions into the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and were a central part of the work on oral history and mapping in the first years of research.
Identifier: islandora:26990

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