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Title: Zulu hostel, South Africa, 1992
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa--Soweto, Political violence--South Africa--Soweto, Soweto (South Africa)--Social conditions, History--Political aspects--South Africa--Soweto, Weapons--South Africa--Soweto, Best of Marinovich
Description: Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) supporters show off weapons in a shebeen in Dobsonville hostel, while police search for weapons outside, Soweto, 1992. Thousands of people, both civilians and combatants, died in the so-called "Hostel War" that lasted from 1989-1995.
Identifier: islandora:1190

Title: UDF meeting, Cape Town
Subject: Public meetings--South Africa, Political activists--South Africa, Boesak, Allan Aubrey, 1946-, Political history--South Africa, South Africa--Social conditions--20th century, Apartheid, The Cordoned Heart
Description: Dr. Allan Boesak and Mrs. Helen Joseph at a United Democractic Front (UDF) meeting, Cape Town, 1984.
Identifier: islandora:5741

Title: FEDTRAW protest, Gauteng, circa 1985
Subject: Woman political activists, Anti-apartheid activists, Demonstrations, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: A woman from the Federation of Transvaal Women (FEDTRAW) carries a picket stating, "Freedom Justice and Peace NOW!" Popular protest was severely restricted, and members of FEDTRAW were charged with sedition and subversion, and held in detention without trial, as the government worked to immobilise and disrupt opposition to apartheid.
Identifier: islandora:915

Title: Mrs Botha and Mrs Tshabalala, Soweto, 1984
Subject: Local government, Politicians' spouses, Botha, Elize, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Mrs Elize Botha, then wife of the state president, and Mrs Tshabalala, then wife of the mayor of Soweto, leave the town council building in August 1984 after then President and Mrs Botha were granted "the freedom of the township" in a ceremony derived from an old British tradition.
Identifier: islandora:884

Title: ANC rally for released political prisoners, Soweto, 1990
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa, South Africa--Politics and government--1978-1989, South Africa--History--1961-1994, Demonstrations--South Africa, Political activists--South Africa,
Description: Thousands of supporters attend an ANC (African National Congress) rally for released leaders, including Walter Sisulu, in Soweto, 29 October, 1989.
Identifier: islandora:12592

Title: Stop police violence, protest, Cape Town
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa, South Africa--Politics and government--1978-1989, South Africa--History--1961-1994, Demonstrations--South Africa, Political activists--South Africa,
Description: Sign at anti-apartheid rally reads, STOP POLICE VIOLENCE. Cape Town.
Identifier: islandora:12611

Title: Mass funeral, East London, South Africa
Subject: Political history--South Africa--East London, Political violence--South Africa--East London, Funeral rites and ceremonies--South Africa--East London, Apartheid--South Africa--East London
Description: A mass funeral is held for 18 people, including a baby, slain in police repression of an anti-apartheid protest. The coffins are draped in colours of the United Democratic Front (UDF), and carried by uniformed members of the movement, 31 August 1985, Duncan Village, South Africa.
Identifier: islandora:5338

Title: Released political prisoner, Cape Town
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa, South Africa--Politics and government--1978-1989, South Africa--History--1961-1994, Political activists--South Africa, Political leadership--South Africa, Political prisoners--South Africa,
Description: Released political prisoner gives a resistance salute upon his arrival at the Cape Town airport., circa 1990
Identifier: islandora:12616

Title: Workers' theatre, Johannesburg, 1987
Subject: Workers' theater, Labor union members--Political activity, Politics and culture, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Workers turn actors in a play staged during Culture Day as part of the 2nd National Conference of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). In spite of severely repressive measures imposed by the State of Emergency, people found ways to express their deepest feelings and ideas, creating new art forms like this "workers' play".
Identifier: islandora:862

Title: Police arrest student during protest, Durban, 1985
Subject: Arrest (Police methods), Police brutality, Student protesters, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Police, carrying sjamboks (traditionally, rhinocerous hide whips, but often made of flexible plastic), arrest a student after breaking up protests that followed the assassination of United Democratic Front (UDF) leader and human rights lawyer, Victoria Mxenge, in Durban.
Identifier: islandora:860

Title: Oral history interview with Dinilesizwe Sobukwe, Robert Sobukwe's son
Subject: Oral history, Sobukwe, Robert Mangaliso, Political activists--South Africa--Biography, Pan Africanist Congress--History, South Africa--Politics and government--1961-1978, Anti-apartheid movements--South Africa--History, Government, Resistance to--South Africa,
Description: The interviews in this collection focus on the life history of Robert Sobukwe, teacher, lecturer, lawyer, secretary of the African National Congress (ANC) Branch in Standerton and first president of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Interviewees include Achmat Cassiem (activist and Robben Island prisoner), Benjamin Pogrund (author of his autobiography), Charmaine van Tonder (Robert Sobukwe's neighbour) and Dinilesizwe Sobukwe (Robert Sobukwe's son). Themes include: the controversy regarding his burial; the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC); reflections on his funeral; his life on Robben Island; Sobukwe as a father; the Sharpeville Massacre and his work at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) . This sub-collection originated as research for the Albert Luthuli Young Historians award 2010., Pin13.04.mp3: Part 1 of 1 ; 20:15 min. ; interview 4 of 5
Identifier: islandora:19442

Title: Defending ANC flag, Langa township, 1987
Subject: Funeral service, Police, Youth--Political activity, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: The Muslim leader, Moulana Faried Essack, tries to stop police from removing an African National Congress (ANC) flag draped over the coffin of slain ANC member, Ashley Kriel, in Langa township, Cape Town, July 1987. Symbols of the ANC, though illegal, were visible at funerals, an insistent reminder of the political meaning of the deaths.
Identifier: islandora:904

Title: Mother holding bloodstained shirt, Tembisa township, Transvaal, 1985
Subject: Police shootings, Political violence, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: A mother holds up the bloodstained shirt of her son, shot in the back by police. According to government statistics, 381 people were killed in "unrest" incidents between September 1984 and April 1985. The government's own statistics acknowledged that three quarters of these victims died as a direct result of police action.
Identifier: islandora:874

Title: Student protest, UCT
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa, South Africa--Politics and government--1978-1989, South Africa--History--1961-1994, Student protesters--South Africa, Political activists--South Africa, Demonstrations--South Africa, University of Cape Town,
Description: Students and staff march on Jammie stairs in protest against apartheid at the University of Cape Town (UCT)., circa 1980s
Identifier: islandora:12629

Title: Student protest, Durban, 1986
Subject: Student protesters, Youth--Political activity, Demonstrations, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Students at Lamontville High School protest against South African Defense Force (SADF) attacks on African National Congress (ANC) refugees in Zambia and Zimbabwe. The ANC was banned before these students were born.
Identifier: islandora:879

Title: Election violence, South Africa, 1994
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa--Bekkersdal, Political violence--South Africa--Bekkersdal, History--Political aspects--South Africa--Bekkersdal, Best of Marinovich
Description: Azanian People's Organisation (Azapo) supporters charge at African National Congress (ANC) supporters in clashes between the police, army, Azapo and the ANC in Bekkersdal township, 1994.
Identifier: islandora:1197

Title: Save the Press campaign, 1989
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa, South Africa--Politics and government--1978-1989, South Africa--History--1961-1994, Demonstrations--South Africa, Political activists--South Africa,
Description: A gagged journalist outside Independent Newspapers in Cape Town, protesting against the draconian press laws during the 'Save the Press' campaign, Adderley Street, Cape Town, 1989.
Identifier: islandora:12572

Title: Death squad, Transvaal, South Africa, 1985
Subject: Police shootings, Police--Special weapons and tactics units, Death squads, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: A Duduza township resident lies dead while members of a special police squad take a smoke break after an all night "clean-up". Photographs such as this led to government emergency regulations making it an offence to photograph police in an "unrest area or situation." Members of death squads usually wore woolen, hooded face covers, or masks, called "balaclavas", making it impossible to identify killers. In this photograph, the man with his back turned still has his balaclava down.
Identifier: islandora:854

Title: Lowering of coffins, Queenstown, 1985
Subject: Funeral service, Police shootings, Police shootings, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Coffins are lowered at the funeral of people killed in the "Queenstown massacre" when police opened fire after a meeting called to plan a consumer boycott, December 1985. The t-shirt of one of the mourners declares "Bullets won't stop us".
Identifier: islandora:901

Title: Home set alight in pre-election violence, Durban, South Africa
Subject: Squatter settlements--South Africa--Durban, Elections--South Africa--Durban, Apartheid--South Africa--Durban, Political history--South Africa--Durban, Political violence--South Africa--Durban
Description: A resident tries to extinguish the flames of his home, set alight in pre-election fighting between Inkatha and African National Congress (ANC) political party supporters in Bambayi Township, Durban, South Africa, 25 March 1994.
Identifier: islandora:5375

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