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Title: Police warn union members, South Africa, 1970s
Subject: Labor movement--History, Labor unions, Black--History, Social control, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Police with bullhorns warn workers to disband. The South African government opposed black unions, but liberalised labour laws in the late 1970s, allowing black unions to operate legally. This ushered in a period of worker organisation and activism, leading to the formation of COSATU, the Congress of South African Trade Unions.
Identifier: islandora:866

Title: Hostel wars, South Africa, 1990
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa--Thokoza, Political violence--South Africa--Thokoza, Thokoza (South Africa)--Social conditions, History--Political aspects--South Africa--Thokoza, Best of Marinovich
Description: ANC (African National Congress) supporters push over a breeze-block wall, part of Khalanyoni hostel at the southern end of Khumalo Street, Thokoza, 1990. These ANC warriors dismantled the buildings, brick by multi-coloured brick, and used them to rebuild their shacks that were destroyed in the fighting with the IFP (Inkatha Freedom Party).
Identifier: islandora:1192

Title: Woman protesting rural conditions, South Africa, circa 1985
Subject: Rural poor, Demonstrations, South Africa--Rural conditions, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: A barefoot woman protests against living conditions in rural areas. Her banner reads "We starve in rural areas". Black people often went hungry in the remote "homelands" where they were forced to live, because they were unable to farm the poor, crowded land, and there were few jobs for them to earn sufficient income to feed, clothe, and house their families.
Identifier: islandora:876

Title: Homes set alight by vigilantes, Crossroads, Cape Town, South Africa
Subject: Political history--South Africa--Cape Town, Squatter settlements--South Africa--Cape Town, Apartheid--South Africa--Cape Town, Political violence--South Africa--Cape Town, Fires--South Africa--Cape Town
Description: A young comrade watches homes burning during the battle for Crossroads, a black settlement outside Cape Town. Vigilantes, backed by police, forced squatters of the KTC township to flee their shacks, by shooting and setting fire to their homes, Cape Town, South Africa, 10 June 1986.
Identifier: islandora:5347

Title: Defy Apartheid church service, Cape Town, South Africa
Subject: Political history--South Africa--Cape Town, Political violence--South Africa--Cape Town, Apartheid--South Africa--Cape Town, Demonstrations--South Africa--Cape Town, Tutu, Desmond
Description: Archbishop Desmond Tutu leads a 'Defy Apartheid' service with anti-apartheid UDF (United Democratic Front) leaders at St. George's Cathedral in Cape Town, South Africa, 19 August 1989.
Identifier: islandora:5357

Title: Political rally, Evaton Township, South Africa
Subject: Demonstrations--South Africa--Vereeniging, Apartheid--South Africa--Vereeniging, Political history--South Africa--Vereeniging, Political violence--South Africa--Vereeniging
Description: Political rally to protest against the Boipatong massacre, Evaton, South Africa, 21 June 1992.
Identifier: islandora:5371

Title: Release our leaders' protest, UCT, Cape Town, South Africa
Subject: Political history--South Africa--Cape Town, Demonstrations--South Africa--Cape Town, Student movements--South Africa--Cape Town, Education--South Africa--Cape Town, Apartheid--South Africa--Cape Town
Description: Students and staff at the University of Cape Town (UCT) march to demand the release of black anti-apartheid leaders from jail, including Nelson Mandela, whose picture they carry, 28 August 1985, Cape Town, South Africa.
Identifier: islandora:5337

Title: Teargas at ANC funeral, South Africa, 1990
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa--Thokoza, Political violence--South Africa--Thokoza, History--Political aspects--South Africa--Thokoza, Tear gas--South Africa--Thokoza, Best of Marinovich
Description: Mourners at an African National Congress (ANC) supporter�s funeral being teargassed by the police, Thokoza, 1990.
Identifier: islandora:1181

Title: Funeral of PAC member Mike Mosadi, Krugersdorp, South Africa
Subject: Funeral rites and ceremonies--South Africa--Krugersdorp, Political activists--South Africa--Krugersdorp, Apartheid--South Africa--Krugersdorp
Description: Guerillas of the Pan African Congress (PAC) movement bury slain comrade, Mike Mosadi, with military honors in Krugersdorp, South Africa, April 1991.
Identifier: islandora:5366

Title: Police search at train station, South Africa, 1992
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa--Soweto, Political violence--South Africa--Soweto, Soweto (South Africa)--Social conditions, Railroad stations--South Africa--Soweto, History--Political aspects--South Africa--Soweto, Best of Marinovich
Description: Police search African National Congress (ANC) supporters at a train station in Soweto, 1992. Hundreds were killed on trains, often by masked men. Some were later identified as police agents, while others claimed the minibus taxi bosses organised the deaths to force customers to use their mode of transport.
Identifier: islandora:1205

Title: Violence in Alexandra township, Johannesburg, South Africa
Subject: Squatter settlements--South Africa--Gauteng, Law enforcement--South Africa--Gauteng, Apartheid--South Africa--Gauteng, Political history--South Africa--Gauteng, Political violence--South Africa--Gauteng, Demonstrations--South Africa--Gauteng
Description: Police fire at residents who defied orders not to march on Inkatha-occupied hostels from which the Zulus had been launching attacks on township dwellers, Alexandra Township, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 March 1992.
Identifier: islandora:5369

Title: Police dispersing student protestors, Johannesburg, South Africa
Subject: Political history--South Africa-- Johannesburg, Demonstrations--South Africa-- Johannesburg, Student movements--South Africa-- Johannesburg, Education--South Africa-- Johannesburg, Apartheid--South Africa-- Johannesburg, Youth--South Africa-- Johannesburg
Description: Students from the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), who took to the streets with their protest against apartheid, are dispersed violently by police with batons and their dogs, Johannesburg, South Africa, 30 May 1986.
Identifier: islandora:5346

Title: Setting fire to barricades, Cape Town, South Africa
Subject: Political violence--South Africa--Cape Town, Demonstrations--South Africa--Cape Town, Apartheid--South Africa--Cape Town, Segregation----South Africa--Cape Town, Political history--South Africa--Cape Town
Description: Protestors set fire to ambushed trucks and other material used to barricade streets against the police during nationwide anti-apartheid riots, October 1985, Athlone, South Africa.
Identifier: islandora:5341

Title: Hostel wars, South Africa, 1990
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa--Soweto, Political violence--South Africa--Soweto, History--Political aspects--South Africa--Soweto, Best of Marinovich
Description: Zulu supporters of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) hack and beat a Pondo man accused of being an ANC (African National Congress) supporter, Nancefield hostel, Soweto, 1990.
Identifier: islandora:1209

Title: Zulu warriors, South Africa, 1994
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa--KwaZulu-Natal, History--Political aspects--South Africa--KwaZulu-Natal, Demonstrations--South Africa--KwaZulu-Natal, Zulu (African people)--Clothing, Best of Marinovich
Description: IFP (Inkatha Freedom Party) supporting amabutho (warriors) on their way to a rally on a misty morning in KwaZulu-Natal, 1994.
Identifier: islandora:1194

Title: Funeral, South Africa, 1993
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa--Heidelberg (Gauteng), Political violence--South Africa--Heidelberg (Gauteng), Funeral rites and ceremonies--South Africa--Heidelberg (Gauteng), History--Political aspects--South Africa--Heidelberg (Gauteng), Football teams--South Africa--Heidelberg (Gauteng), Best of Marinovich
Description: A football team buries their teammate, who was killed in crossfire between African National Congress (ANC) and Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) fighters, while playing soccer in Ratanda township, Heidelberg, 1993.
Identifier: islandora:1202

Title: Survivor of IFP attack, South Africa, 1996
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa, Political violence--South Africa, History--Political aspects--South Africa, Torture victims--South Africa, Best of Marinovich
Description: 1996: An African National Congress (ANC) survivor, whose face shows the wounds he suffered during an attack on Christmas Day a year earlier (1995). The late Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) warlord, Sqolosa Xolo, led his men to massacre over 25 ANC supporters on Christmas Day 1995. He was never charged in the case, despite there being eyewitness testimony.
Identifier: islandora:1224

Title: Youth injured in anti-apartheid protest, Cape Town, South Africa
Subject: Political violence--South Africa--Cape Town, Demonstrations--South Africa--Cape Town, Apartheid--South Africa--Cape Town, Segregation----South Africa--Cape Town, Political history--South Africa--Cape Town, Youth--South Africa--Cape Town
Description: A youth, shot by police during anti-apartheid protests, is bundled into a car to take him to a private doctor. Any gunshot victims who were hospitalized risked arrest by police. October 1985, Athlone, South Africa.
Identifier: islandora:5343

Title: Burning barricades, Cape Town, South Africa
Subject: Political violence--South Africa--Cape Town, Demonstrations--South Africa--Cape Town, Apartheid--South Africa--Cape Town, Segregation----South Africa--Cape Town, Political history--South Africa--Cape Town
Description: Burning barricades in the streets of Athlone during protests and riots against apartheid, October 1985, Cape Town, South Africa.
Identifier: islandora:5342

Title: South African Cabinet members, 1994, Cape Town
Subject: Cape Town (South Africa), Western Cape (South Africa), Post-Apartheid era, Politics, Cabinet ministers, South Africa. Government of National Unity 1994-1997
Description: Post-apartheid Cabinet ministers in the Government of National Unity (left to right): Alfred Nzo (Minister of Foreign Affairs), Jay Naidoo (Minister of Telecommunications, Post and Broadcasting), Sidney Mufamadi (Minister of Safety and Security), and Roelf Meyer (Minister of Constitutional Affairs)
Identifier: islandora:16936

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