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Title
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Police reload at funeral, Duduza, 1985
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Subject
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Police shootings, Funeral service, Political violence, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Policemen reload their guns after firing at mourners during the funeral for the young activists killed in the "grenade incident" in Duduza township, Transvaal (now Gauteng), July 1985. Deaths followed funerals with sad predictability.
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Identifier
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islandora:910
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Title
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Leandra Youth Congress members, Leandra township, Transvaal, 1986
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Subject
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Funeral service, Vigilantes, Political violence, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Members of the Leandra Youth Congress regroup after repelling an attack by vigilantes at the funeral of their community leader, Chief Ampie Mayisa. Mayisa led his community in a successful fight against forced removal. His request to the police for protection from vigilantes was denied and he was assassinated shortly afterwards.
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Identifier
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islandora:859
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Title
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Demonstration against local councils, Durban, 1981
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Subject
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Local government, Demonstrations, Community activists, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Residents of Newlands East township demonstrate against government-nominated town councilors in Durban 1981. Because local councils were imposed on the people of the townships by the apartheid government, the residents, for the most part, refused to support them.
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Identifier
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islandora:887
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Title
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Student demonstration, Durban, 1985
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Subject
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Student protesters, Demonstrations, Police, Black, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Students taunts a black policeman during a demonstration following the assassination of United Democratic Front (UDF) leader, Victoria Mxenge. She was buried next to her husband, Griffiths Mxenge, also a victim of assassination several years earlier. Between 1978 and 1989, over 150 activists were assassinated, with no one found responsible for these murders.
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Identifier
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islandora:881
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Title
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Labour strike, Durban, 1985
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Subject
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Strikes and lockouts--Dairying, Strikes and lockouts, Sympathetic, Labor movement--History, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Dairy workers march in solidarity with bakery workers on strike over wages and dismissals. Workers' organisations have a long and important history in Durban, and the city was the birthplace of contemporary unionism in South Africa.
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Identifier
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islandora:868
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Title
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Riot police confront workers, Johannesburg, 1985
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Subject
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Police--Special weapons and tactics units, Labor union members, May Day (Labor holiday), Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Riot police block the way of workers leaving a May Day meeting at Khotso House in Johannesburg, May 1985. Khotso House was owned by the South African Council for Churches (SACC) and was the headquarters for many progressive organisations, including the United Democratic Front (UDF). It was destroyed in a massive explosion in August 1988.
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Identifier
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islandora:911
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Title
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Woman overcome by tear gas at funeral, Port Elizabeth, 1986
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Subject
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Funeral service, Police shootings, Tear gas, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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A woman overcome by tear gas is helped by fellow mourners during the funeral for eight people killed in the "bottle store (liquor-store) incident" in New Brighton township, Port Elizabeth. Nearly a week before, on March 25, heavily armed policemen opened fire on a crowd gathered outside a liquor store that had been bombed the previous day, killing eight.
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Identifier
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islandora:891
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Title
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ANC flag at funeral, Cape Town, 1986
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Subject
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Funeral service, Police shootings, Anti-apartheid movements, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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An African National Congress (ANC) flag bearer heads the procession at the funeral of a United Democratic Front (UDF) activist shot by police in Guguletu, a black township outside of Cape Town. This procession is almost emblematic of South African resistance, being lead by the ANC, the Church, and the UDF, with the message, "The People Shall Govern".
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Identifier
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islandora:888
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Title
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Schoolboy arrested, Cape Town, 1987
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Subject
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Student protesters, Youth--Political activity, Political prisoners, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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A schoolboy is arrested during protests against the 1987 white parliamentary elections in Athlone township, Cape Town, May 1987. In 1986, some 25,000 people were imprisoned without trial under the Emergency regulations. Of that number, 10,000 were children under the age of eighteen. In April 1987, the government stated that only 1,400 children were still in detention.
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Identifier
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islandora:880
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Title
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Workers' theater, Johannesburg, 1987
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Subject
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Women labor union members, Workers' theatre, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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A delegation of women from the Food and Allied Workers Union participates in the Congress of South African Trade Unions' Culture Day, held as part of the union federation's 2nd National Conference. Theater is used for political expression. Women from Crossroads squatter town, for example, performed a well-received play, Imfuduso, dramatising their long struggle to preserve their homes.
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Identifier
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islandora:864
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Title
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Frances Baard at UDF launch, Cape Town, 1983
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Subject
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Women political activists, Public meetings, Anti-apartheid movements, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Frances Baard, a former president of the African National Congress's Women's League (ANCWL), salutes the crowd gathered to launch the United Democratic Front (UDF) in Mitchell's Plain, Cape Town. The UDF drew together over 600 democratically-based community, student, trade union, women's, and church organisations and was the major legal oppositional force until the government severely curtailed its activities in 1988.
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Identifier
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islandora:889
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Title
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UDF leader arrested by security police, Johannesburg, 1985
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Subject
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Mohamed, Ismail, Civic leaders, Trials (Treason), Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Professor Ismail Mohamed, a United Democratic Front (UDF) leader, reaches out to his daughter, Elaine, as he is arrested by South African security police. Mohamed was detained and charged with treason along with fifteen others in the Pietermaritzburg Treason Trial. Eventually all were exonerated.
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Identifier
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islandora:886
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Title
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Rent protest, Phoenix township, 1981
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Subject
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Meer, Ismail, 1918-2000, Political activists, Public housing--Rent, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Ismail Meer, a former treason trialist and member of the Natal Indian Congress, addresses a meeting to protest high rentals in the Phoenix township of Durban in 1981. Rent protests were manifestations of deeper political conflicts in the struggle for self-determination.
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Identifier
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islandora:871
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Title
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Police arrest UWO members, Cape Town, 1985
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Subject
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Women political activists, Demonstrations, Arrest (Police methods), Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Leaders of the United Women's Organisation (UWO) are turned back from parliament and arrested during a march to protest against the massacre in which police killed twenty-two people in the Eastern Cape township of Langa. Eyewitnesses maintained that the police shot innocent people, part of a funeral procession, without provocation.
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Identifier
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islandora:883
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Title
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Political vandalism, Duduza township, 1985
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Subject
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Political crimes and offenses, Youth--Political activity, Reprisals, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Youths burn the car of an alleged police informer in Duduza township following the deaths of four young activists who were killed by defective hand grenades given to them by a member of the security force posing as an African National Congress (ANC) freedom fighter.
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Identifier
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islandora:908
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Title
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Police watch mourners, Alexandra township, Johannesburg, 1986
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Subject
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Funeral service, Police, Police shootings, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Police watch as mourners carrying an African National Congress (ANC) flag pass by during the funeral of eight youths killed during clashes between police and residents in Alexandra township. Off-duty township police allegedly killed three in reprisals following attacks on the policemen's homes, and five were killed by police during subsequent protests against vigilante action.
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Identifier
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islandora:898
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Title
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Labour strike meeting, Johannesburg, 1987
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Subject
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Labor union meetings, Strikes and lockouts--Retail trade, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Striking OK Bazaars workers meet at union headquarters in Cosatu House, Johannesburg. A major supermarket chain, OK Bazaars has a large work force, organised by the Commercial, Catering, and Allied Workers Union (CCAWUSA), which led many campaigns on behalf of food store workers.
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Identifier
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islandora:861
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Title
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Whip marks from vigilante attack, Welkom township, 1985
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Subject
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Vigilantes, Political violence, Youth--Wounds and injuries, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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A Thabong youth shows the whip marks left by vigilantes in Welkom township, Orange Free State (now Free State Province). Gangs of vigilantes, very often supported by police, terrorised residents and anti-apartheid activists.
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Identifier
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islandora:893
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Title
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UDF rally, Cape Town, 1987
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Subject
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Political activists, Public meetings, Anti-apartheid movements, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Masked youths raise the flag of the African National Congress (ANC) at a rally marking the fourth anniversary of the United Democratic Front (UDF). For the majority of people in South Africa, the ANC remained a positive symbol for liberation from poverty and oppression.
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Identifier
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islandora:875
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Title
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Desmond Tutu, KwaThema township, 1986
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Subject
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Tutu, Desmond, Funeral service, Political violence, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
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Description
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Archbishop Desmond Tutu speaks out against "necklace" killings at a funeral in KwaThema township, Transvaal (now Gauteng). Necklace killings only stopped after the United Democractic Front (UDF), the African National Congress (ANC), and other popular groups condemned the practice.
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Identifier
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islandora:897