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Title: Police reload at funeral, Duduza, 1985
Subject: Police shootings, Funeral service, Political violence, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Policemen reload their guns after firing at mourners during the funeral for the young activists killed in the "grenade incident" in Duduza township, Transvaal (now Gauteng), July 1985. Deaths followed funerals with sad predictability.
Identifier: islandora:910

Title: Oral history interview with Nicholas Henwood [Part 1 of 2]
Subject: Oral history, United Democratic Front (South Africa), Anti-apartheid activists--South Africa--Interviews, Anti-apartheid movements--South Africa, Government, Resistance to--South Africa, South Africa--Politics and government, ,
Description: The United Democratic Front (UDF) was established as a non-racial, anti-apartheid coalition in 1983. The interviews in this collection deal with the formation and impact of the UDF in the Western Cape in the 1980s. Key figures involved with the UDF are interviewed, including Cheryl Carolus, Lionel Louw, Sydney Luckett and Phyllis Orner. Themes include: community based organisations affiliated to the UDF; the effects of apartheid; religious affiliation; role of the UDF in the community; trade unions. These interviews originate from research conducted for the Albert Luthuli Young Historians Award 2008., Por6.02a.mp3: Part 1 of 2 ; 53:20 min. ; interview 2 of 6
Identifier: islandora:24449

Title: Leandra Youth Congress members, Leandra township, Transvaal, 1986
Subject: Funeral service, Vigilantes, Political violence, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Members of the Leandra Youth Congress regroup after repelling an attack by vigilantes at the funeral of their community leader, Chief Ampie Mayisa. Mayisa led his community in a successful fight against forced removal. His request to the police for protection from vigilantes was denied and he was assassinated shortly afterwards.
Identifier: islandora:859

Title: Oral history interview with Benjamin Pogrund, Robert Sobukwe's friend and biographer
Subject: Oral history, Sobukwe, Robert Mangaliso, Political activists--South Africa--Biography, Pan Africanist Congress--History, South Africa--Politics and government--1961-1978, Anti-apartheid movements--South Africa--History, Government, Resistance to--South Africa,
Description: The interviews in this collection focus on the life history of Robert Sobukwe, teacher, lecturer, lawyer, secretary of the African National Congress (ANC) Branch in Standerton and first president of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Interviewees include Achmat Cassiem (activist and Robben Island prisoner), Benjamin Pogrund (author of his autobiography), Charmaine van Tonder (Robert Sobukwe's neighbour) and Dinilesizwe Sobukwe (Robert Sobukwe's son). Themes include: the controversy regarding his burial; the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC); reflections on his funeral; his life on Robben Island; Sobukwe as a father; the Sharpeville Massacre and his work at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) . This sub-collection originated as research for the Albert Luthuli Young Historians award 2010., Pin13.03.mp3: Part 1 of 1 ; 48:10 min. ; interview 3 of 5
Identifier: islandora:19441

Title: Demonstration against local councils, Durban, 1981
Subject: Local government, Demonstrations, Community activists, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Residents of Newlands East township demonstrate against government-nominated town councilors in Durban 1981. Because local councils were imposed on the people of the townships by the apartheid government, the residents, for the most part, refused to support them.
Identifier: islandora:887

Title: Student demonstration, Durban, 1985
Subject: Student protesters, Demonstrations, Police, Black, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Students taunts a black policeman during a demonstration following the assassination of United Democratic Front (UDF) leader, Victoria Mxenge. She was buried next to her husband, Griffiths Mxenge, also a victim of assassination several years earlier. Between 1978 and 1989, over 150 activists were assassinated, with no one found responsible for these murders.
Identifier: islandora:881

Title: Labour strike, Durban, 1985
Subject: Strikes and lockouts--Dairying, Strikes and lockouts, Sympathetic, Labor movement--History, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Dairy workers march in solidarity with bakery workers on strike over wages and dismissals. Workers' organisations have a long and important history in Durban, and the city was the birthplace of contemporary unionism in South Africa.
Identifier: islandora:868

Title: Oral history interview with Achmad Cassiem, a political activist and prisoner on Robben Island [Part 2 of 2]
Subject: Oral history, Sobukwe, Robert Mangaliso, Political activists--South Africa--Biography, Pan Africanist Congress--History, South Africa--Politics and government--1961-1978, Anti-apartheid movements--South Africa--History, Government, Resistance to--South Africa,
Description: The interviews in this collection focus on the life history of Robert Sobukwe, teacher, lecturer, lawyer, secretary of the African National Congress (ANC) Branch in Standerton and first president of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Interviewees include Achmat Cassiem (activist and Robben Island prisoner), Benjamin Pogrund (author of his autobiography), Charmaine van Tonder (Robert Sobukwe's neighbour) and Dinilesizwe Sobukwe (Robert Sobukwe's son). Themes include: the controversy regarding his burial; the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC); reflections on his funeral; his life on Robben Island; Sobukwe as a father; the Sharpeville Massacre and his work at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) . This sub-collection originated as research for the Albert Luthuli Young Historians award 2010., Pin13.01b.mp3: Part 2 of 2 ; 01:03:32 min. ; interview 1 of 5
Identifier: islandora:19439

Title: Riot police confront workers, Johannesburg, 1985
Subject: Police--Special weapons and tactics units, Labor union members, May Day (Labor holiday), Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Riot police block the way of workers leaving a May Day meeting at Khotso House in Johannesburg, May 1985. Khotso House was owned by the South African Council for Churches (SACC) and was the headquarters for many progressive organisations, including the United Democratic Front (UDF). It was destroyed in a massive explosion in August 1988.
Identifier: islandora:911

Title: Woman overcome by tear gas at funeral, Port Elizabeth, 1986
Subject: Funeral service, Police shootings, Tear gas, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: A woman overcome by tear gas is helped by fellow mourners during the funeral for eight people killed in the "bottle store (liquor-store) incident" in New Brighton township, Port Elizabeth. Nearly a week before, on March 25, heavily armed policemen opened fire on a crowd gathered outside a liquor store that had been bombed the previous day, killing eight.
Identifier: islandora:891

Title: ANC flag at funeral, Cape Town, 1986
Subject: Funeral service, Police shootings, Anti-apartheid movements, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: An African National Congress (ANC) flag bearer heads the procession at the funeral of a United Democratic Front (UDF) activist shot by police in Guguletu, a black township outside of Cape Town. This procession is almost emblematic of South African resistance, being lead by the ANC, the Church, and the UDF, with the message, "The People Shall Govern".
Identifier: islandora:888

Title: Oral history interview with Mr Pitchard [Part 3 of 4]
Subject: Oral history, Anti-apartheid activists--South Africa--Interviews, Civil rights movements--South Africa, Government, Resistance to--South Africa, Colored people (South Africa)--Political activity, South Africa--Politics and government--1909-1948
Description: The interviews in this collection cover a wide range of topics linked to coloured identity, political organisations and activities in South Africa during the 1940s and post-1948 era. It includes information on protest actions, the defiance campaign, the torch commando, boycotts and train resistance efforts following the 1948 National Party election. Themes include the Anti-Coloured Affairs Department movement (Anti-CAD), civic organisations, education and welfare, the introduction of the Group Areas Act, political parties, race and class issues, the removal of coloured men from the national voters roll in 1956 and the Unity Movement., Pin3.07a.mp3: Part 3 of 4 ; 31:55 min. ; interview 7 of 11
Identifier: islandora:19416

Title: Oral history interview with Charmaine van Tonder, a neighbour of Robert Sobukwe
Subject: Oral history, Sobukwe, Robert Mangaliso, Political activists--South Africa--Biography, Pan Africanist Congress--History, South Africa--Politics and government--1961-1978, Anti-apartheid movements--South Africa--History, Government, Resistance to--South Africa,
Description: The interviews in this collection focus on the life history of Robert Sobukwe, teacher, lecturer, lawyer, secretary of the African National Congress (ANC) Branch in Standerton and first president of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Interviewees include Achmat Cassiem (activist and Robben Island prisoner), Benjamin Pogrund (author of his autobiography), Charmaine van Tonder (Robert Sobukwe’s neighbour) and Dinilesizwe Sobukwe (Robert Sobukwe’s son). Themes include: the controversy regarding his burial; the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC); reflections on his funeral; his life on Robben Island; Sobukwe as a father; the Sharpeville Massacre and his work at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) . This sub-collection originated as research for the Albert Luthuli Young Historians award 2010., Pin13.05.mp3: Part 1 of 1 ; 08:11 min. ; interview 5 of 5
Identifier: islandora:19443

Title: Schoolboy arrested, Cape Town, 1987
Subject: Student protesters, Youth--Political activity, Political prisoners, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: A schoolboy is arrested during protests against the 1987 white parliamentary elections in Athlone township, Cape Town, May 1987. In 1986, some 25,000 people were imprisoned without trial under the Emergency regulations. Of that number, 10,000 were children under the age of eighteen. In April 1987, the government stated that only 1,400 children were still in detention.
Identifier: islandora:880

Title: Workers' theater, Johannesburg, 1987
Subject: Women labor union members, Workers' theatre, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: A delegation of women from the Food and Allied Workers Union participates in the Congress of South African Trade Unions' Culture Day, held as part of the union federation's 2nd National Conference. Theater is used for political expression. Women from Crossroads squatter town, for example, performed a well-received play, Imfuduso, dramatising their long struggle to preserve their homes.
Identifier: islandora:864

Title: Frances Baard at UDF launch, Cape Town, 1983
Subject: Women political activists, Public meetings, Anti-apartheid movements, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Frances Baard, a former president of the African National Congress's Women's League (ANCWL), salutes the crowd gathered to launch the United Democratic Front (UDF) in Mitchell's Plain, Cape Town. The UDF drew together over 600 democratically-based community, student, trade union, women's, and church organisations and was the major legal oppositional force until the government severely curtailed its activities in 1988.
Identifier: islandora:889

Title: UDF leader arrested by security police, Johannesburg, 1985
Subject: Mohamed, Ismail, Civic leaders, Trials (Treason), Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Professor Ismail Mohamed, a United Democratic Front (UDF) leader, reaches out to his daughter, Elaine, as he is arrested by South African security police. Mohamed was detained and charged with treason along with fifteen others in the Pietermaritzburg Treason Trial. Eventually all were exonerated.
Identifier: islandora:886

Title: Rent protest, Phoenix township, 1981
Subject: Meer, Ismail, 1918-2000, Political activists, Public housing--Rent, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Ismail Meer, a former treason trialist and member of the Natal Indian Congress, addresses a meeting to protest high rentals in the Phoenix township of Durban in 1981. Rent protests were manifestations of deeper political conflicts in the struggle for self-determination.
Identifier: islandora:871

Title: IFP mass graves, South Africal, 1993
Subject: Apartheid--South Africa--Pietermaritzburg, Political violence--South Africa--Pietermaritzburg, History--Political aspects--South Africa--Pietermaritzburg, Goats--South Africa--Pietermaritzburg, Mass burials--South Africa--Pietermaritzburg, Best of Marinovich
Description: A goat stands on mass graves of Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) supporters killed in fighting with African National Congress (ANC) members at Table Mountain, near Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, 1993.
Identifier: islandora:1184

Title: Police arrest UWO members, Cape Town, 1985
Subject: Women political activists, Demonstrations, Arrest (Police methods), Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
Description: Leaders of the United Women's Organisation (UWO) are turned back from parliament and arrested during a march to protest against the massacre in which police killed twenty-two people in the Eastern Cape township of Langa. Eyewitnesses maintained that the police shot innocent people, part of a funeral procession, without provocation.
Identifier: islandora:883

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